(Mamluk Empire)
The magnificent sites of Egypt’s Nile River Delta – stately domes, spacious courtyards, and soaring minarets – are in fact the work of “outsiders.” The Mamluks came to Egypt as slaves, but rose to become its masters, building a dynasty that marked the height of Islamic culture and architecture in Egypt. Under their rule, Jews were dhimmi, a protected minority within an Islamic society – a status that gave them physical protection but limited their social status and religious freedom.